The term Project governance is used in industry, especially in the information technology (IT) sector, to describe the processes that need to exist for a successful project. Project Governance is an active rather than just a controlling role. While lack of senior management commitment is a consistent cause of project failure, this still occurs when governance structures are in place and operating. This is because Project Governance is not well understood and even less well executed. Formal methodologies do exist such as OGC (UK) Projects in a Controlled Environment (PRINCE2) or by the use other quality standards such as Six Sigma. Formal international accrediting organizations also exist such as PMI or the APM. The formal methodologies provide template structures and Terms of Reference as well as introductions to the more complex areas of Programme management.