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Found 150 evidence Experts and Expert Witnesses.
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| Board Certified forensic audio video Examinations
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| Over 20 years experience in/with Internet, Computers, Programming, Data Processing, Dating and Social Networking, Community Portals, Engineering, Business Development, Expert Witness, and Litigation Support....
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| Board certified in forensic pathology, consults in medical malpractice, Private Autopsy, Second Autopsy, Independent Autopsy, Wrongful Death, Criminal Defense.
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| EW #14310 is an Assistant Professor at McGill University and member of the Quebec Society of Medical Experts. Significant medicolegal experience in defending physicians and representing patients as plaintiffs....
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| Consulting and forensic engineering services. Issues addressed include all aspects of the design, fabrication, production and operation of electrical and electronic devices and products.
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| 13 years experience as criminalist; collection, preservation, and processing of evidence; conducting C.S.I; comparing finger, palm, and footprints for ID; chemical and optical exams
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| Has examined cases for the US Government, State and District Attorneys, Corporate Law Firms, Civil and Criminal Attorneys, Private Investigators, and News Broadcast Agencies.
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| Accident reconstruction & analysis; accident investigation documentation; witness interviews; electronic scene documentation; Crash Data Retrieval from GM vehicles.
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| We provide identification, acoustical & media forensic services. We recover, enhance & extract info from media. We offer transcriptions, biometric voice identification, & evidence management.
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| With the numerous fingerprint identification errors that are part of the prosecution's evidence, finding their way to the courts. Can you be certain of the identification evidence against your client?
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| Litigation Analyst, RN, registered nurse, CCRN, critical care ,nurse,ICU, CCU, respiratory care
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| EW #9655 is a retired DEA Supervisory Special Agent, Criminal Justice Textbook Author, and former instructor at the FBI Academy with over 30 years of law enforcement experience.
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| Tire consulting, vehicle dynamics, occupant kinematics, pedestrian dynamics and vehicle trajectory. Photograph and measuring techniques, identification, and evaluation. Vehicle damage documentation and analysis....
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| EW #2499 specialising in scientific examination of handwriting,typewriting and related matters
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| EW #6834 specializes in medical, automotive, industrial accidents, injury causation, human factors, vision, seat belt analysis, 3-D simulation and animations, and expert witness testimony at trial
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| Over 40 years in health care plans and related. Founder and former CEO of a major TPA. Author of many texts. Author of "Self-Funding of Health Care Benefits."
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| Over 25 years of expert witness experience - court qualified handwriting expert for forgeries - document examiner
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| G Force offers an active full-field investigation of aircraft accidents, to include examination of the wreckage and collection of evidence.
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| Certified Fraud Examiner. Qualified to testify as an expert witness in Federal and State District Court.
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| Expert witness testimony in finance and accounting. Broad experience in forensic analysis of employee theft, loss of profits and income.
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| Traffic Accident Reconstruction And Cause Analysis. We are specialists in auto, pedestrian, motorcycle, bicycle, truck, and bus accidents, as well as vehicle inspections.
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| Analysis of syntax, style, word choice, spelling, punctuation, and other features of anonymous, disputed, or forged documents; expert opinion on authorship and/or characteristics of author.
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| A 20 year background in research, development, management, operations and clinical services. A prolific researcher, writer, speaker, and clinician in rehabilitation, health care operations, occupational therapy...
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| Computer forensic analysis and technology fraud investigations. Specialists in mobile telephone offences and telecommunication crime. Certified experts available to examine CCTV footage, indecent images, assist in e-discovery, and provide expert witness testimony in court proceedings. Full UK coverage, 24x7 Emergency Support, FREE initial consultation....
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| Expertise in electrical devices and electronics technology.
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| Private Investigator with over 20 years experience in law enforcement. We provide investigative and consulting services domestically and internationally. Provided expert testimony in missing persons cases....
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| EW #1270 is a retired Police Lt. with over twenty years of experience in law enforcement. We will consult on police investigations and files.
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| Experience as an expert witness in the area of crime scene interpretation, evidence processing, excessive use of force, and police practices. He has been qualified as an expert witness in Superior Court in Excessive Use of Force, Crime Scene Reconstruction and Interpretation, and Proper Police Practices....
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| EW #3035 is a certified Motor Vehicle Accident Reconstruction & Cause Analysis professional providing service to law firms and insurance companies that require accident reconstruction for use in civil litigation....
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| Computer Forensic Examiner / Expert Witness
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| Computer Crimes Investigator, Collection and analysis of digital evidence. Expert testimony, litigation support, expert reports, declarations and expert witness.
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| Great Scott Enterprises, Inc. was founded over 20 years ago and has developed into a leading expert in the field of Computer Forensics.
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| Established over five years ago, PC Forensics can draw on the experience of its principals which combined exceeds over 35 years within the computer industry.
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| Dr. Pitman is Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and an internationally recognized researcher, teacher, and clinician focusing on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). He is board-certified in psychiatry and forensic psychiatry. He has 124 publications in the medical literature on PTSD, including 8 on its forensic aspects. He served on the committee that wrote the current diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Although Dr. Pitman works full-time as an academic psychiatrist, he has a small...
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| I am a Forensic Scientist and a Fellow of the Fingerprint Society
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| Founded in 1978, our firm provides electrical and mechanical engineering support suitable for a court of law, public debate or formal argumentation.
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| Consultant and Qualified Expert Witness of forensic engineering.
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| Actuary specialising in acting as expert witness in cases involving employee benefits, pensions disputes, investment matters, employment losses and other pensions matters in both UK, US and overseas
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| Latent Fingerpirnt and Crime Scene Expert. Critical and scientific evaluation of physical evidence and assistance in case preparation. Nationwide.
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| Audio Restoration, Voice ID, Audio Authentication, Video Clairification, Video Authentication, Video Identification, CV Available on request. Free phone consultation 248-320-8282
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| Computer Forensic Investigations, Data Recovery and Network Engineering Expert.
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| I am an IPTM Certified Accident Reconstructionist, who is currently employed as a WV Deputy Sheriff.
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| DWI/DUI expert , Isntructi-or in MHTSA Standardized Field Sobriety Test battery, Intoxilyzer 5000 operator/maintenance technician, criminal investigator with over 20 years expierence.
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| We can provide a world-class level of scientific advice and technical support to your claim, backed by
significant experience in advising on claims for damages involving rejected consignments of fishery products....
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| Testified in over 20 trials as an expert witness concerning computer evidence issues.
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| 12 years experience of expert witness work. Chartered Engineer. Instructed by many top London firms.
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| Specific areas of expertise are: corporate espionage, threat assessment, risk management, computer and network security, electronic surveillance and privacy risks in a technology dependent world.
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| My specialty is helping you gain a better understanding of the evidence a computer medium holds, and testifying at trial to my findings. I enjoy working with people at all skill levels.
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| Over 30 years experience in marketing research, independent marketing and research consultant providing outside unbiased and objective assistance on a wide range of marketing research and statistical subjects....
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| Over 20 years experience in/with Internet, Computers, Programming, Data Processing, Dating and Social Networking, Community Portals, Engineering, Business Development.
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| Provides mechanical engineering support in accident investigation and reconstruction covering failure analysis, process simulation, equipment reliability and safety. Specialized in areas of cranes, rigging, industrial forklifts, aerial devices, conveyors, and barges. Cover OSHA, State OSHA, ANSI/ASME B30, HST, CMAA, ASME B31.1 and B31.3....
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| Forensic Consulting for Criminal or Civil Court Actions & Investigations
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| Forensic, evidence and litigation support photography for prosecution, criminal defense and civil litigation.
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| Experienced pharmaceutical scientist able to assist in litigation involving scientific evidence as well as patents and trademarks to include evaluation of science issues relevant to business mergers.
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| Director of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in a Hospital,PT,OT,SLP
Doctor of Physical Therapy. Experience in Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Services including hospital, outpatient, nursing homes, and emergency care....
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| New York City Based Forensic Audio/Video Examiner
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| police security death homicide investigation criminal liability homicide law enforcement
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| 29 years of experience investigating and reconstructing highway vehicle collisions, and has been directly involved in over 4000 collision investigations, collision analysis and collision reconstructions....
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| Since 1979 Consultant, Author, Seminar Presenter. Int'l Assn Crime Analysts, Int'l Soc of Crime Prevention Practitioners. Premises Liability; Security Negligence; Foreseeability; Crime Prevention
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| IT & Telecoms Systems Fitness for Purpose, Forensic Data Recovery & Analysis
International Tribunals, Mediations and Arbitrations. Highly experienced Court Expert. UK, Europe, USA & Canada
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| EW #807 is a well-known computer specialist who serves as an expert witness and litigation consultant in intellectual property and other computer litigation cases.
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| EW #576 is a leading firm of UK Landscape Architects, and is registered in the Law Society's Directory of Expert Witnesses, and Terra Firma are members of the Institute of Environmental
Assessment and the Urban Design Group....
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| EW #536 M.A., J.D., has been analyzing tape-recorded evidence for over 21 years; they are intensely involved in the research and forensic application of the speech and hearing sciences.
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| EW #387 has had more than 40 years experience in the insurance field.
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| Highly regarded independent Engineering Materials Consultancy. Investigations into wide range of incidents including litigations & personal injury. Supported by in-house UKAS accreditied laboratories.
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| Forensic Accounting
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| Chartered Accountant, has gained experience in taxation, insolvency and mergers and takeovers.
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| Forensic Accounting - Expert Witness, Litigation Support and Fraud Investigation
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| Registered Professional Engineer with expertise in concrete and corrosion. Available in the United States and Canada.
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| We have assisted our clients by providing medical illustrations for courtroom exhibits in litigation for more than 15 years.
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| Accident Reconstruction; Bicycle Accidents; Trucks; Pedestrian Accidents; Time/Distance/Speed Analysis; ACTAR Accredited, Evidence Documentation; Graphic Illustrations
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| Our areas of expertise are diverse and include multimedia presentations relevant to asbestos, tobacco, breast implant, vaccine injury and hazardous waste litigation.
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| EW #3096 has over 14 years of providing forensic collision analysis to the insurance, legal and private communities.
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| PT, OT, SLP
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| 21st Century Forensic Animations creates sophisticated 3-D computer animations for Trial Litigators. Since 1989, we have utilized science and technology to help you communicate. Call for free DVD.
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| I am an ASE certified collision repair specialist with 10 years of experience in evaluating and repairing collision damage, including assessment of the circumstances surrounding automotive wrecks.
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| Medical Expert in Infectious Disease and HIV/AIDS.
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| We conduct brand and IP valuations, and bring real insight with detailed marketing and brand equity analysis.
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| Marty Mercer is a Certified Public Accountant and an Attorney with over 25 years of experience in business management, financial planning, information technology, and software development. Marty comes from a ‘Big 4’ accounting background and has accumulated a breadth of experience leading and managing the fiscal, operational, and technological functions of companies whose industries include real estate, software development, e-commerce, law, tax, insurance, and public accounting. His experti...
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| trauma surgeon,orthopaedic surgeon,medico legal ,medical expert,orthopaedic expert,medical reports,personal
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| one year work in commputer maintenance
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| Vascular and Interventional Radiology
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| coming soon
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| EW #13740 specializes in computer system failure, software project failure and software IP disputes, computer forensics and electronic discovery.
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| Ian has had over 15 years experience as a forensic fire and risk specialist. Ian has extensive experience in fire cause and origin investigation, risk modelling and building construction.
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| College educated, court qualified computer forensics investigator with extensive law enforcment experience in computer foreniscs
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| Expert Witness on motor carrier safety & compliance w/ emphasis on FMCSR, selection & retention of drivers, driver training, motor carrier driver accident avoidance, driver's logs, etc.
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| 25 years experience in root cause analysis. Expert in design and development process uncovering "defects of design," "defects of manufacture" as well as "defects of maintenance."
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| Forensic expert. Specializes in criminal investigations, homicides, and crime scene investigations.
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| Scientist, Farmer, Programmer and Court Certified Expert Witness in Pennsylvania.
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| Working for MI20 based in the UK but serving a global specialised market
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| Valuations of businesses, corporate securities and intangibles. Loss-of-business damages analysis. Established 1977. Staff designations include ASA, CFA, CPA and MBA.
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| 30 years expertise as a board-certified professional ergonomist and as a human factors / ergonomics specialist.
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| 30 years experience - all aspects of medical devices; Broad range of products; 31 patents; PI, PL & IP; Landmark cases; Plaintiff/defense; Seasoned, successful, affable; Impeccable references.
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| Particular expertise in mental health and learning disability nursing, as well as personal injury, care costs, medical/nursing negligence and care issues in the care home sector.
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| EW #614 is one of the world's leading aviation lawyer's.
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| Chief Investigator, Forensic Engineer, & Expert Witness with over 20 years in industry completing accident and forensic investigations. Equipment Expert: Boiler, Pressure Vessel, Piping, Storage Tank
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| Forensic investigations and litigation support ranging from the devastation of terrorist explosion to seismic structural damage, construction collapse and materials failure.
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| Medical illustration and exhibit presentation graphic design for litigation support
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| Rehabilitation Counselor Vocational Expert Testimony
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| EW #2556 has been providing consultation and expert services to the legal and insurance industry since 1983.
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| 40 years Expert services and forensic engineering for lifts, hoists, jacks, machines, material handling.
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| Expert witness: 40 years general and airline pilot selection / training / evaluation, wrongful termination / discrimination experience.
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| TELECOM REGULATORY SPECIALIST testified 35+ times. Mergers/acquisitions, federal/state regulatory issues, rates and tariffs, interconnection contracts, public policy analysis and more.
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| 35 years experience, distinguished professor, international consultant, expert witness (40 cases in recent years) in combustion, accidental fire and explosions, fossil fuels, synthetic fuels, air pollution....
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| Extensive experience involving electrical designs and failures. Twenty years practice as a technical manager performing the analysis of electrical failures resulting in loss.
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| 39 years experience as a specialist in computer and Internet technology with a focus on project management, software systems implementation, data base design and computer network systems architecture.
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| Nationally known psychiatrist with a winning record in over 200 cases-including many high profile!
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| 20 yr. + - Nationally recognized expert that has instructed over 13,000 police and security officers, federal agents, military personnel and civilians throughout the United States and abroad.
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| Through our techniques for fraud investigation, as well as data retrieval and analysis, we provide our clients with the tools necessary to help win their cases.
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| Expert witness testimony involving investment advice and investment transactions in relation to judicial review proceedings and professional indemnity claims.
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| Forensic Accounting Quantum finance & and property personal Calculations Structured Settlements.
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| Medical Toxicology & Forensic Medicine - Occupational & Environmental Medicine
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| Experienced HR Manager, Consultant and Professor. Expert Witness for Plaintiff and Defense in over 100 cases.
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| EW #585 Board - Certified Forensic Document Examiner, Diplomate of American College of Forensic Examiners and the National Association of Document Examiners.
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| EW #711 has a Ph.D. in experimental psychology, and has 44 years of professional experience in psychology and human factors.
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| Licensed Private Investigator #23914, court qualified, retired law enforcement,Computer Forensics
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| EW #246 provides not only private investigations, but specializes in truck involved accidents.
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| I am a physical therapist with 20 years experience with an advanced clinical doctorate in physical therapy. Less then 2% of all physical therapists possess their doctorate in physical therapy.
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| 45 years providing forensic engineering and expert witness services to insurance and legal communities.
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| Over two decades of expert witness testimony: Discrimination & Class Action Cases, Sampling & Surveys, Criminal Probability Models.
Persuasive Economical Tailored to litigation.
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| 35 years of international experience in safety, personal injury, products liability, warnings, human factors and manufacturing.
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| EW #990 is a Superior Court-Certified Expert Witness, and has worked for Plaintiffs and Defendants, in cases involving Gangs; School Safety; and Child Abuse/Mandated Reporting.
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| Signa is a professional petroleum engineering company providing expert witness testimony to resolve complex cases involving injury, patent infringement, environmental infractions and property damage.
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| A trusted provider for over 20 years of testifying experts specializing in software, computer, semiconductor, telecommunications and related technologies.
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| As a board certified prthopedic surgeon I continue to treat patients, make diagnoses and surgical procedures. Over the past 25 years I devoted part of my practice time to performing Independent Medical Exams....
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| Board Certified in Security Management; Licensed; Masters Degree; Adjunct professor; Published author; Specializes in crime/foreseeability analysis, risk assessments, security design.
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Mr. Sarabia has more than 25 years of experience in the apparel business, licensing, copyrights and trademarks. Apparel: business standards, contracts, sales, distribution, protection of designs, mfg.; Licensing: industry standards, performance, breach, damages; >
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| Specializing in Forensic Evidence Recovery, Enhancement and Analysis of all Recorded Evidence, all formats, for Law Enforcement and the Legal Profession, since 1976
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| Specializes in the Forensic Analysis of all types of digital assets and media (Computer Forensics) for law firms and corporate clients.
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| EW #388 has extensive experience in Internal Medicine, drug and alcohol abuse, medical malpractice, enviromental toxicology, exposure to toxic and irritant chemicals and carcinogens.
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| Global CompuSearch provides consulting, training, and forensic analysis in computer crime and Internet-related issues.
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| FTA Inc offers videotape enhancement and authentication,still image enhancement,time-lapse videotape testing,audiotape authentication and enhancement,voice id,and questioned document examination
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| Expert in chronic and acute toxic exposure to chemicals from the environment and workplace.
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| Board Certified Court Qualified, Forensic Document Examiner, specializing in: Forensic document examination, forensic photography, criminal profiling, jury selection, and expert testimony.
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| Over 20 years experience in/with Internet, Computers, Programming, Data Processing, Dating and
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| EW #2515 has 30 plus years of accident reconstruction expertise, with over 700 full reconstruction cases.
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| Board Certified in Forensic Pathology, consults in Medical Malpractice, Second Autopsy, Wrongful Death, Criminal Defense.
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| EPIDEMIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL specializes in epidemiological studies, litigation support, causation analyses and expert witness testimony.
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| Medical Legal Consultants, Screening for Medical, Dental and Psychiatric Malpractice
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| We provide expert services including data review, case analysis, document review, case development, expert reports and testimony to assist lawyers.
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| 25 years of patient care and forensic consultation as senior clinical faculty at Harvard Medical School. Nationally qualified expert and advisor to judiciary on expert standards.
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| Looking For Health Insurance Agents and Quotes
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| Board Certified in Forensic Pathology, consults in Medical Malpractice, Private Autopsy, Wrongful Death, Criminal Defense.
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| Looking For A Life Insurance Agent or Quote?
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| TELECOM REGULATORY SPECIALIST testified 35+ times, served as a federal Telecommunications Act arbitrator of interconnection disputes, proposed rules and policies adopted by regulators.
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| Physician, attorney, epidemiologist, toxicologist, certified industrial hygienist. Former Medical Director Detroit Health Department.
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| Looking for a evidence expert?
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Find Evidence experts and consultants for Evidence litigation support at www.expertwitness.com. Available to be Evidence expert witnesses and provide Evidence forensic consulting in Evidence litigation, in addition prepare Evidence expert witness reports for use in deposition and/or in-court trial testimony.
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Categories To Find "Evidence" Experts:
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ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION |
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Accidents occur when hazards escape detection during preventive measures, such as a job or process safety analysis, when hazards are not obvious, or as the result of combinations of circumstances that were difficult to foresee. A thorough accident investigation may identify previously overlooked physical, environmental, or process hazards, the need for new or more extensive safety training, or unsafe work practices. The primary focus of any accident investigation should be the determination of the facts surrounding the incident and the lessons that can be learned to prevent future similar occurrences.
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ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION |
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Accidents occur everyday that result in the destruction of property, injuries, or even death. Experts in accident reconstruction use multi-displinary techniques to recreate the events leading to the accident. The data collection process and subsequent analysis of the accident data can lead to the assignment of negligenceblame. results of the reconstruction
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ACCOUNTING FORENSIC |
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Forensic accounting is the specialty practice area of accounting that describes engagements which result from real or anticipated civil or criminal litigation.
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ACUPUNCTURE |
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Acupuncture is one of the best known of the alternative therapies and is a component of traditional Chinese medicine that originated in China over 5,000 years ago. Acupuncturists insert needles into specified points along meridian lines to influence the restorstion of balance to the flow of qi.
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ADJUDICATION, MEDIATION / CONCILIATION |
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Adjudication is the legal process by which an arbiter or judge reviews evidence and argumentation including legal reasoning set forth by opposing parties or litigants to come to a decision or judgment which determines rights and obligations between the parties involved.
Mediation, in a broad sense, comprises an act of bringing two states, sides or parties closer or together. This article discusses the communication sense of the term. Separate articles, cultural and biological, treat of other senses of mediation.
Mediation consists of a process of alternative dispute resolution in which a (generally) neutral third party, the mediator, using appropriate techniques, assists two or more parties to help them negotiate an agreement, with concrete effects, on a matter of common interest. More generally speaking, the term mediation covers any activity in which an impartial third party (often a professional) facilitates an agreement on any matter in the common interest of the parties involved.
Mediation applies to different fields, with some common peculiar elements and some differences for each of its specialties. The main fields of mediation include commerce, legal disputes and diplomacy, but forms of mediation appear in other fields as well. Mediation in marriage technically belongs in the category, although it has followed its own peculiar history since the times of ancient Greeks: compare marriage counselling.
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ADVERTISING |
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Firms in the advertising and public relations services industry prepare advertisements for other companies and organizations and design campaigns to promote the interests and image of their clients. This industry also includes media representativesÂfirms that sell advertising space for publications, radio, television, and the Internet; display advertisersÂbusinesses engaged in creating and designing public display ads for use in shopping malls, on billboards, or in similar media; and direct mail advertisers. A firm that purchases advertising time (or space) from media outlets, thereafter reselling it to advertising agencies or individual companies directly, is considered a media buying agency. Divisions of companies that produce and place their own advertising are not considered part of this industry.
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AGRICULTURE |
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Agriculture (a term which encompasses farming) is the art, science or practice of producing food, feed, fiber and many other desired goods by the systematic raising of plants and animals. Agri is from Latin ager ("a field"), and culture is from Latin cultura, meaning "cultivation" in the strict sense of tillage of the soil. Thus a literal reading of the English word yields tillage of the soil of a field. In actual usage, Agriculture denotes a broad array of activities essential to food and material production, including all techniques for raising and processing livestock (see Animal husbandry) no less than those essential to crop planting and harvesting.
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ALCOHOL ABUSE |
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Alcoholism is the compulsive consumption of alcohol. Some believe it to be a biological disease. The etiology and nature of alcoholism are both currently being debated within the medical and scientific communities and the very definition of alcoholism is a part of that debate. Alcoholism is often a controversial subject and the disease hypothesis represents a focus of the debate.
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ARBITRATION / MEDIATION |
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Arbitration is a form of mediation or conciliation, where the mediating party is given power by the disputant parties to settle the dispute by making a finding. In practice arbitration is generally used as a substitute for judicial systems, particularly when the judicial processes are viewed as too slow, expensive or biased. Arbitration is also used by communities which lack formal law, as a substitute for formal law.
Mediation consists of a process of alternative dispute resolution in which a (generally) neutral third party, the mediator, using appropriate techniques, assists two or more parties to help them negotiate an agreement, with concrete effects, on a matter of common interest. More generally speaking, the term "mediation" covers any activity in which an impartial third party (often a professional) facilitates an agreement on any matter in the common interest of the parties involved.
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ASBESTOS |
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Asbestos (a misapplication of Latin: asbestos "quicklime" from Greek ἄσβεστος: a-, "not"; sbestos, "extinguishable") describes any of a group of fibrous metamorphic minerals of the hydrous magnesium silicate variety. The name is derived for its historical use in lamp wicks; the resistance of asbestos to fire has long been exploited for a variety of purposes. It was used in fabrics such as Egyptian burial cloths and Charlemagne's tablecloth, which, according to legend, he threw in a fire to clean. Asbestos occurs naturally in many forms (see below); it is mined from metamorphic deposits.
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ASSAULT |
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Assault is a crime of violence against another person. In some jurisdictions, assault is used to refer to the actual violence, while in other jurisdictions (e.g. some in the United States, England and Wales), assault refers only to the threat of violence, while the actual violence is battery.
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AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENT |
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Car accidents are damaging events involving road traffic, particularly automobiles. They can cause damage to vehicles, people or structures. Car accidents also called traffic collisions, auto accidents, road accidents, personal injury collisions, motor vehicle accidents, and (particularly by American radio traffic reporters) crashes kill an estimated 1.2 million people worldwide each year, and injure about forty times this number (WHO, 2004). The term "accident" is considered inappropriate by some, as reliable sources estimate that upwards of 90% are the result of driver negligence.
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AUTOPSIES |
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An autopsy, also known as a post-mortem examination or an obduction, is a medical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse to determine the cause and manner of a persons death and to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present. It is usually performed by a specialized medical doctor called a pathologist.
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BANKRUPTCY |
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Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their creditors. A declared state of bankruptcy can be requested by creditors in an effort to recoup a portion of what they are owed; however, in the overwhelming majority of cases, the bankruptcy is initiated by the bankrupt individual or organization.
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BICYCLE HELMETS |
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A bicycle helmet is designed to provide head protection for cyclists. Helmets are most suitable for preventing injury in straight falls, and for reducing friction related damage to the head. Modern bicycle helmets were first developed in the 1970s.
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BIOMECHANICS |
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Biomechanics is the research and analysis of the mechanics of living organisms.
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BIOMEDICAL PHYSICS |
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Biomedical physics involves thorough investigation of any matter related to the domain of living or biological systems. Usually biomedical denotes a greater stress on problems related to human health and diseases. Where some technology development is used, Biomedical engineering term is often used. Bioengineering has two wings: Biomedical Engineering (dealing more with the Biophysics), and Biotechnology (dealing more with the Biochemistry).
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BIRTH INJURY |
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Occasionally during the birth process, the baby may suffer a physical injury that is simply the result of being born. This is sometimes called birth trauma or birth injury. 1 in 200 babies is born with some form of birth injury, and many of these cases may have been caused by medical negligence.
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CANCER - BONE |
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Bone Cancer that arises in the bone (primary bone cancer) is not the same disease as cancer that spreads to the bone from another part of the body (secondary bone cancer). Primary bone cancer is rare, with approximately 2,500 new cases diagnosed each year in the United States. More commonly, bones are the site of tumors that result from the spread (metastasis) of cancer from another organ, such as the breasts, lungs, and prostate.
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CANCER - COLON |
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Cancer that begins in the colon is called colon cancer, and cancer that begins in the rectum is called rectal cancer. Cancers affecting either of these organs may also be called colorectal cancer.
When colorectal cancer spreads outside the colon or rectum, cancer cells are often found in nearby lymph nodes. If cancer cells have reached these nodes, they may also have spread to other lymph nodes, the liver, or other organs.
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CANCER - GENERAL |
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Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these cells to invade other tissues, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis. This unregulated growth is caused by damage to DNA, resulting in mutations to genes that encode for proteins controlling cell division. Many mutation events may be required to transform a normal cell into a malignant cell. These mutations can be caused by chemicals or physical agents called carcinogens, by close exposure to radioactive materials, or by certain viruses that can insert their DNA into the human genome. Mutations occur spontaneously, or are passed down generations as a result of germ line mutations.
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CANCER - KIDNEY |
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Renal cell carcinoma, also known by the eponym Grawitz tumor, is the most common form of kidney cancer arising from the renal tubule. It is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. Initial therapy is with surgery. It is notoriously resistant to radiation therapy and chemotherapy, although some cases respond to immunotherapy.
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CANCER - LUNG |
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Lung cancer is a cancer of the lungs characterised by the presence of malignant tumours. Most commonly it is bronchogenic carcinoma (about 90%). Lung cancer is one of the most lethal of cancers worldwide, causing up to 3 million deaths annually. Only one in ten patients diagnosed with this disease will survive the next five years. Although lung cancer was previously an illness that affected predominately men, the lung cancer rate for women has been increasing in the last few decades, which has been attributed to the rising ratio of female to male smokers.
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CANCER - OVARIAN |
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ORARIAN Cancer - Ovarian epithelial cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissue covering the ovary. Ovarian epithelial cancer is one type of cancer that affects the ovary.
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CANCER - PROSTATE |
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Prostate cancer is a disease in which cancer develops in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system. Cancer occurs when cells of the prostate mutate and begin to multiply out of control. These cells may spread (metastasize) from the prostate to other parts of the body, especially the bones and lymph nodes. Prostate cancer may cause pain, difficulty in urinating, erectile dysfunction and other symptoms.
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CEREBRAL PALSY |
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Cerebral palsy
is a term used to describe a group of chronic conditions affecting body movements and muscle coordination. It is caused by damage to one or more specific areas of the brain, usually occurring during fetal development, or during infancy. It can also occur before, during or shortly following birth. "Cerebral" refers to the brain and "Palsy" to a disorder of movement or posture.
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CHILD PORNOGRAPHY |
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Generally, child pornography (sometimes referred to as CP, child porn, KP, or kiddie porn) is an illegal form of pornography, featuring minors. The term "child" is defined for this purpose by each country's child pornography laws, and these laws also set forth criteria to use in determining whether a particular depiction of a child is child pornography.
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CHIROPRACTIC |
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Chiropractic, or chiropractic care, is a system of health care based on the belief that many health problems can be prevented and treated using spinal adjustments in order to correct vertebral subluxations which are believed to be the cause of much disease.
Chiropractors infer a causal relationship between nerve interference or compression at the spine and subsequent problems in more distant body parts or organ systems connected by the nerve.
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CHRONIC PAIN |
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CHRONIC PAIN - While acute pain is a normal sensation triggered in the nervous system to alert you to possible injury and the need to take care of yourself, chronic pain is different. Chronic pain persists. Pain signals keep firing in the nervous system for weeks, months, even years. There may have been an initial mishap -- sprained back, serious infection, or there may be an ongoing cause of pain -- arthritis, cancer, ear infection, but some people suffer chronic pain in the absence of any past injury or evidence of body damage. Many chronic pain conditions affect older adults.
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CIVIL RIGHTS - EQUAL RIGHTS |
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Civil rights are the protections and privileges of personal liberty given to all citizens by law. Civil rights are distinguished from "human rights" or "natural rights"; civil rights are rights that are bestowed by nations on those within their territorial boundaries, while natural or human rights are rights that many scholars claim ought to belong to all people. For example, the philosopher John Locke (1632-1704) argued that the natural rights of life, liberty, and property should be converted into civil rights and protected by the sovereign state as an aspect of the social contract. Others have argued that people acquire rights as an inalienable gift from a god or at a time of nature before governments were formed.
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CONSUMER CONFUSION |
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Consumers can and do get confused, especially with the massive increase in choice available and the increase in complexity of products. It seems plausible that consumer confusion, like most consumer attributes, must have a direct and significant impact on marketing strategy. Yet most of what is written on the subject is tangential and scattered over a number of disciplines. A study explores the various views together under one single heading that will be of interest to marketers and business managers.
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CONSUMER MARKETING |
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Find CONSUMER MARKETING experts and consultants for CONSUMER MARKETING litigation support. Available to be CONSUMER MARKETING expert witnesses and provide CONSUMER MARKETING forensic consulting in CONSUMER MARKETING litigation, in addition prepare CONSUMER MARKETING expert witness reports for use in deposition and/or in-court trial testimony.
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CONTRACTS - INTERPRETATION |
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A contract is a promis or an agreement that is enforced or recognized by the law. In the civil law, contracts are considered to be part of the general law of obligations. This article describes the law relating to contracts in common law jurisdictions.
Contract theory comprises many different theories and various interpretations of the various body of rules and subrules that define Contract Law.
Classical contract theory is the set of ideas and assumptions that underpinned the development of contract law in England and the United States during the 19th century. During this period, the prevailing liberal individualist philosophy of laissez faire elevated contract to a position of central importance in the law.
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COPYRIGHT - GENERAL |
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Copyright is a set of exclusive rights granted by governments to regulate the use of a particular expression of an idea or information. At its most general, it is literally "the right to copy" an original creation. In most cases, these rights are of limited duration. The symbol for copyright is ©.
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CRISIS COMMUNICATIONS |
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Crisis communications is the art and science of working with the public through the print, broadast, cable and Internet media when an event, which could have negative, devastating impact to a governmental, corporate or non-profit organization, suddenly starts to gather hurricane strength. It is the most creative and exhausting counseling that a public relations and public affairs professional would be asked to perform as he turns a negative into a positive.
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CRISIS MANAGEMENT |
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Crisis management involves identifying a crisis, planning a response to the crisis and confronting and resolving the crisis. Crisis management can be applied in almost any field of endeavor, but it is most commonly used in international relations, political science and management. For more about crisis management in international relations, see International crisis.
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CRITICAL CARE |
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Intensive Care Medicine or critical care medicine is concerned with providing greater than ordinary medical care and observation to people in a critical or unstable condition.
People requiring intensive care include those after major surgery, with severe head trauma, life-threatening acute illness, respiratory insufficiency, coma, haemodynamic insufficiency, severe fluid imbalance or with the failure of one or more of the major organ systems (life-critical systems or others).
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DAMAGES |
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In law, damages refers either to the harm suffered by a claimant in a civil action, or to the money paid or awarded to the plaintiff in compensation for such harm.
Generally, there are three kinds of damages: special damages, general damages, and punitive damages. Special damages are the enumerable or quantifiable monetary costs or losses suffered by the plaintiff, or the compensation therefore. For example, medical costs, repair or replacement of damaged property, lost wages, lost earning potential, loss of business, loss of irreplaceable items, loss of support, etc. General damages are items of harm or loss suffered, for which only a subjective value may be attached. Examples of this include personal injury, physical or emotional pain and suffering, loss of companionship, loss of consortium, disfigurement, loss of reputation, loss or impairment of mental or physical capacity, loss of enjoyment of life, etc.
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DATA PROCESSING |
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Data processing is any computer process that converts data into information. The processing is usually assumed to be automated and running on an a mainframe, minicomputer, microcomputer, or personal computer. Because data are most useful when well-presented and actually informative, data-processing systems are often referred to as information systems to emphasize their practicality. Nevertheless, both terms are roughly synonymous, performing similar conversions; data-processing systems typically manipulate raw data into information, and likewise information systems typically take raw data as input to produce information as output.
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DEATH PENALTY |
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Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is governmental killing by execution as punishment for a crime often called a capital offense or a capital crime. Historically, the execution of criminals and political opponents was used by nearly all societies either by means of judicial process or through political motivations such as the supression of political dissent. Among democratic countries around the world, most European and Latin American ones have abolished capital punishment (except the United States, Guatemala and most of the Caribbean), while democracies in Asia and Africa retain it. Among nondemocratic countries the use of the death penalty is common.
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DEFAMATION |
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In English and American law, and systems based on them, libel and slander are two forms of defamation (or defamation of character), which is the tort or delict of publishing (meaning to a third party) a false statement that negatively affects someone's reputation. "Defamation" is the term generally used internationally, and is accordingly used in this article where it is not necessary to distinguish between "libel" and "slander".
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DEMENTIA |
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Dementia (from Latin de- "apart, away," + mens (genitive mentis) "mind") is progressive decline in cognitive function due to damage or disease in the brain beyond what might be expected from normal aging. Particularly affected areas may be memory, attention, language and problem solving, although particularly in the later stages of the condition, affected persons may be disoriented in time (not knowing what day, week, month or year it is), place (not knowing where they are) and person (not knowing who they are). Symptoms of dementia can be classified as either reversible or irreversible depending upon the etiology of the disease. Less than 10% of all dementias are reversible. Dementia is a non-specific term that encompasses many disease processes, just as fever is attributable to many etiologies.
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DEMONSTRATIVE |
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Demonstratives are deictic words that indicate which entities a speaker refers to, and distinguishes those entities from others. Demonstratives are usually employed for spatial deixis (using the context of the physical surroundings), but in many languages they double as discourse deictics, referring not to concrete objects but to words, phrases and propositions mentioned in speech.
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DEPOSITIONS |
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In law, a deposition is the act or fact of taking sworn testimony, outside of court, in certain well-defined circumstances. It is a part of the discovery process whereby litigants obtain information from each other in preparation for trial. Some jurisdictions recognize an affidavit as a form of deposition.
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DISCRIMINATION |
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To discriminate socially is to make a distinction between people on the basis of class or category without regard to individual merit. Examples include racial, religious, sexual, disability, ethnic and age-related discrimination. Some distinctions between people which are based just on individual merit (such as personal appearance) are not discriminatory.
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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) - General |
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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid usually in the form of a double helix that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life, and most viruses. DNA is a long polymer of nucleotides and encodes the sequence of the amino acid residues in proteins using the genetic code, a triplet code of nucleotides.
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DRAM SHOP |
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Dram shop or Dramshop is a legal term in the United States referring to a bar, tavern or the like where alcoholic beverages are sold. Traditionally, it referred to a shop where spirits were sold by the dram, a small unit of liquid.
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DRUG ENFORCEMENT |
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The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is a United States Department of Justice law enforcement agency tasked with enforcing the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. Not only is the DEA the lead agency for domestic enforcement of Federal drug laws (sharing concurrent jurisdiction with the Federal Bureau of Investigation), it also has sole responsibility for coordinating and pursuing U.S. drug investigations abroad.
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While ADR is probably the most precise term to describe the concept, it is not widely used in the community since it may be perceived as jargon and because of the negative-associations with the term "drug". Alternative terms with equivalent meaning to ADR include: side-effect, adverse event, adverse effect, etc. Find Evidence experts and witnesses in the DRUG INTERACTIONS & SIDE EFFECTS category." title="DRUG INTERACTIONS & SIDE EFFECTS SPECIALISTS -An adverse drug reaction (abbreviated ADR) is a term to describe the unwanted, negative consequences sometimes associated with the use of medications. ADR is a particular type of adverse effect. The term is preferred over the colloquial and imprecise "side-effect" as "side-effect" implies the potential for beneficial consequences.
While ADR is probably the most precise term to describe the concept, it is not widely used in the community since it may be perceived as jargon and because of the negative-associations with the term "drug". Alternative terms with equivalent meaning to ADR include: side-effect, adverse event, adverse effect, etc. Find Evidence experts witnesses in the DRUG INTERACTIONS & SIDE EFFECTS category."> DRUG INTERACTIONS & SIDE EFFECTS |
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DRUG INTERACTIONS & SIDE EFFECTS SPECIALISTS -An adverse drug reaction (abbreviated ADR) is a term to describe the unwanted, negative consequences sometimes associated with the use of medications. ADR is a particular type of adverse effect. The term is preferred over the colloquial and imprecise "side-effect" as "side-effect" implies the potential for beneficial consequences.
While ADR is probably the most precise term to describe the concept, it is not widely used in the community since it may be perceived as jargon and because of the negative-associations with the term "drug". Alternative terms with equivalent meaning to ADR include: side-effect, adverse event, adverse effect, etc.
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DRUG TESTING |
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A Drug test is a process using some kind of biological matter taken from an individual to determine previous drug use. Drug testing is a subject of much controversy. Many have argued that it is an invasion of privacy. The accuracy and effectiveness of some tests are also in question, however, if proper steps are followed, including a GC/MS quantitative laboratory confirmation test, drug testing technology is highly reliable.
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DUI - Driving Under Influence |
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Driving under the influence, drunk driving, or drink-driving, is the act of operating a motor vehicle (and sometimes a bicycle or similar human-powered vehicle) after having consumed alcohol (ethanol) or other drugs, to the degree that mental and motor skills are impaired. In addition to driving under the influence of alcohol and driving under the influence of other drugs, a third "DUI" offense consists of driving under the combined influence of alcohol and other drugs. The drugs causing or contributing to the impairment need not be illegal, but can consist of lawfully prescribed or over-the-counter medication. Anti-drunk-driving advertising campaigns have aimed to raise awareness of the legal situation and the dangers of driving while intoxicated. Drunk-driving is responsible for a very large number of deaths, injuries, damage and accidents every year.
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DWI - Driving While Intoxicated |
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Drunk driving is the act of operating a motor vehicle under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs to the degree that mental and motor skills are impaired. It is illegal in all jurisdictions within the U.S..
The specific criminal offense is usually called driving under the influence [of alcohol and/or other drugs] (DUI), and in some states driving while intoxicated (DWI) or operating while impaired (OWI). Such laws may also apply to boating or piloting aircraft.
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EDUCATION |
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Education is a social science that encompasses teaching and learning specific knowledge, beliefs, and skills. Licensed and practicing teachers in the field use a variety of methods and materials in order to impart a curriculum. There has been a plethora of journals, magazines, books, and digests in the field of education that addresses these areas. Such literature addresses the teaching practices, with subjects that include lectures, game playing, testing, scheduling, record keeping, bullying, seating arrangements, interests, motivation, and computer access. However, the most important factors in any teacher's effectiveness is the interaction with students and personality of the teacher. The quality of their relationships provides the impetus for inspiration. The best teachers are able to translate good judgment, experience, and wisdom into the art of communication that students find compelling. It is their ability to understand and overcome prejudices, generate passion, and recognize potential that enable teachers to invigorate students with higher expectations of themselves and society at large. The goal is aiding the growth of students so that they become productive members of a migratory society. An imparting of culture from generation to generation (see socialisation) promotes a greater awareness and responsiveness through social maturity to the needs of an increasingly diversified global society.
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ELECTROCARDIOGRAM |
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An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG, abbreviated from the German Elektrokardiogramm) is a graphic produced by an electrocardiograph, which records the electrical voltage in the heart in the form of a continuous strip graph. It is the prime tool in cardiac electrophysiology, and has a prime function in screening and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.
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ELECTRONIC DISCOVERY |
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Electronic Discovery refers to Discovery (law) in Civil litigation which deals with information in electronic form. Electronic information is different from paper information because of its intangible form, volume, transience and persistence. Also, electronic information is usually accompanied by Metadata, which is rarely present in paper information. Electronic discovery poses new challenges and opportunities for attorneys, their clients, technical advisors and the courts as electronic information is collected, reviewed and produced. Electronic discovery is the subject of amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure which are effective December 1, 2006.[1]
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EMERGENCY MEDICINE |
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EMERGENCY MEDICINE - The branch of medicine concerned with the provision of immediate treatment to the acutely ill or injured. Emergency medicine is a branch of medicine that is practiced in a hospital emergency department, in the field (in a modified form; see EMS), and other locations where initial medical treatment of illness takes place.
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ENGINEERING - FORENSIC |
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Forensic engineering is the investigation of materials, products, structures or components that fail or do not operate/function as intended. A criminal aspect is possible in any investigation but is not always the case; civil cases are much more common. Generally the purpose of a forensic engineering investigation is to locate cause or causes of failure with a view to improve performance or life of a component. It can also involve investigation of intellectual property claims, especially patents. Methods used in forensic investigations include reverse engineering, inspection of witness statements, a working knowledge of current standards, as well as examination of the failed component itself. The fracture surface of a failed product can reveal much information on how the item failed and the loading pattern prior to failure.
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EUROPEAN COMPETITION POLICY |
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Competition law is one of the areas of authority of the European Union. It comprises three main policy areas:
Antitrust: control of collusion and other anti-competitive practices which has an effect on the EU (or, since 1994, the European Economic Area). This is covered under Articles 81 and 82 EC respectively.
Mergers: control of proposed mergers, acquisitions and joint ventures involving companies which have a certain, defined amount of turnover in the EU/EEA. This is governed by the Council Regulation 139/2004 EC (the Merger Regulation).
State aid: control of direct and indirect aid given by EU Member States to companies. Covered under Article 87 EC (ex Article 92).
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EXPERT WITNESS SALES |
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An expert witness is a witness, who by virtue of education, or profession, or experience, is believed to have special knowledge of his subject beyond that of the average person, sufficient that others may officially (and legally) rely upon his opinion.
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FIREARMS / BALLISTICS |
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Experts in the study of the characteristics, firing, flight and effect of ammunition. Identification of weapons through the retrieval and examination of bullets and trace evidence.
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FORENSIC ACCOUNTING |
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Forensic accounting is the specialty practice area of accounting that describes engagements which result from real or anticipated litigation. Broadly speaking, these engagements fall into one of three categories: economic damages, assurance as to fraud in accounts or inventories or the presentation thereof, and business valuation. Forensic accountants utilize an understanding of business information and financial reporting systems, accounting and auditing standards and procedures, evidence gathering and investigative techniques, and litigation processes and procedures to perform their work. Forensic accountants are also increasingly playing more proactive risk reduction roles by designing and performing extended procedures as part of the statutory audit, acting as advisors to audit committees, and assisting in investment analyst research.
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FORENSIC COMPUTERS |
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Computer forensics is application of the scientific method to digital media in order to establish factual information for judicial review. This process often involves investigating computer systems to determine whether they are or have been used for illegal or unauthorized activities. Mostly, computer forensics experts investigate data storage devices, either fixed like hard disks or removable like compact disks and solid state devices.
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FORENSIC SCIENCES |
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The application of scientific knowledge to legal principles and cases. Accepted forensic sciences include medicine, pathology and psychiatry.
Forensic science (often shortened to forensics) is the application of a broad spectrum of sciences to answer questions of interest to the legal system. This may be in relation to a crime or to a civil action. The use of the term forensics in place of forensic science could be considered incorrect; the term forensic is effectively a synonym for legal or related to courts (from Latin, it means before the forum). However, it is now so closely associated with the scientific field that many dictionaries include the meaning given here.
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FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY |
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Forensic toxicology is the use of toxicology to aid medicolegal investigation of death and poisoning.
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FOREX - FOREIGN CURRANCY TRADING |
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The foreign exchange (currency or forex) market exists wherever one currency is traded for another. It is by far the largest market in the world, in terms of cash value traded, and includes trading between large banks, central banks, currency speculators, multinational corporations, governments, and other financial markets and institutions. Retail traders (small speculators) are a small part of this market, and may only participate indirectly through brokers or banks.
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HORSES |
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The horse (Equus caballus or Equus ferus caballus) is a sizeable ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. Horses have long been one of the most economically important domesticated animals, and have played an important role in the transport of people and cargo for thousands of years. Most notably, horses can be ridden by a person perched on a saddle attached to the animal, and are also widely harnessed to pull objects like wheeled vehicles or plows. In some human cultures, horses are also widely used as a source of food. Though isolated domestication may have occurred as early as 4500 BC, clear evidence of widespread use by humans dates to no earlier than 2000 BC, as evidenced by the Sintashta chariot burials, thus firmly establishing the domestication of the horse.
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HUMAN RESOURCES |
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Human resources has at least two meanings depending on context. The original usage derives from political economy and economics, where it was traditionally called labor, one of three factors of production. The more common usage within corporations and businesses refers to the individuals within the firm, and to the portion of the firm's organization that deals with hiring, firing, training, and other personnel issues. This article will address both definitions.
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INSURANCE - HEALTH |
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Health insurance is a type of insurance whereby the insurer pays the medical costs of the insured if the insured becomes sick due to covered causes, or due to accidents. The insurer may be a private organization or a government agency. Market-based health care systems such as that in the United States rely primarily on private health insurance.
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INSURANCE - LIFE |
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Life insurance (Life Assurance in British English) is a type of insurance. As in all insurance, the insured transfers a risk to the insurer, receiving a policy and paying a premium in exchange. The risk assumed by the insurer is the risk of death of the insured.
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INSURANCE - TITLE |
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Title insurance is insurance against defects in title to real property, available in most but not all countries. It is meant to protect an owner's or lender's financial interest in property against loss due to title defects, liens or other matter of public record. It will defend against a lawsuit attacking the title, or reimburse the insured for the actual monetary loss incurred, up to the dollar amount of insurance provided by the policy.
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INTENSIVIST - INTENSIVE CARE UNIT ICU |
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Intensive Care Medicine or critical care medicine is concerned with providing greater than ordinary medical care and observation to people in a critical or unstable condition.
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INTERNET |
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The Internet, or simply the Net, is the publicly accessible worldwide system of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using a standardized Internet Protocol (IP). It is made up of thousands of smaller commercial, academic, domestic, and government networks. It carries various information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, and the interlinked Web pages and other documents of the World Wide Web.
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ISO 9000 |
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ISO 9000 is an ISO standard for Quality Management Systems.
ISO 9000 was developed from the British Standards Institution's BS 5750. The ISO 9000 standard is maintained by ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and administered by accreditation and certification bodies. It is widely used in manufacturing, although high costs and difficulties with implementation have led to many companies using alternatives such as IC9700, or IC9200, both of which are issued by the International Charter, or their own specific in-house 'standard'.
Some countries re-label ISO 9000 as a national standard. (e.g. IR 9000 in Iran).
It should be emphasised that ISO 9000 does not guarantee the quality of the end products - rather, it certifies that the correct manufacturing process is being carried out.
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LASIK |
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LASIK, an acronym for Laser-assisted In Situ Keratomileusis, is a form of refractive laser eye surgery procedure performed by ophthalmologists intended for correcting vision. The procedure is usually a preferred alternative to photorefractive keratectomy, PRK, as it requires less time for full recovery, and the patient experiences less pain overall.
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LIBEL |
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In English and American law, and systems based on them, libel and slander are two forms of defamation (or defamation of character), which is the tort or delict of publishing (meaning to a third party) a false statement that negatively affects someone's reputation. "Defamation" is the term generally used internationally, and is accordingly used in this article where it is not necessary to distinguish between "libel" and "slander".
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LICENSING |
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A license or licence is a document, contract or agreement giving permission for an individual or entity to do something (such as manufacture a product), or to apply something (such as a trademark), with the objective of commercial gain. Typically, the party giving the permission is referred to as the 'licensor' and the party receiving the licence as 'licencee' or Licensee. The licensor typically offers the license for a specified period of time. Both the Licensor and the Licensee have obligations which may be expressed in the body of the agreement or is expressed in general law.
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LIQUOR LIABILITY |
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Dram shop or Dramshop is a legal term in the United States referring to a bar, tavern or the like where alcoholic beverages are sold. Traditionally, it referred to a shop where spirits were sold by the dram, a small unit of liquid.
Dram shop liability refers to the body of law governing the liability of taverns, liquor stores and other commercial establishments that serve alcoholic beverages and liquor. Generally, dram shop laws establish the liability of establishments arising out of the sale of alcohol to visibly intoxicated persons or minors who subsequently cause death or injury to third-parties - those not having a relationship to the bar, as a result of alcohol-related car crashes and other accidents.
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LIVESTOCK |
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Livestock are domesticated animals intentionally reared in an agricultural setting to make produce such as food or fibre, or for their labour. Livestock include pigs, cattle, goats, deer, sheep, yaks and poultry. The type of livestock reared varies worldwide and depends on factors such as climate, consumer demand, native animals, local traditions, and land type.
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MALPRACTICE, AUDITING |
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Forensic accounting is the specialty practice area of accounting that describes engagements which result from real or anticipated civil or criminal litigation.
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MALPRACTICE, MEDICAL |
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The basic definition of medical malpractice is an act or omission by a health care provider which deviates from accepted standards of practice in the medical community and causes injury to the patient. The word malpractice has a connotation of greater culpability than negligence. In the United States and other countries, a specific medical malpractice law has developed. In English law, the issue of liability is a subset of professional negligence where, under the Bolam Test, a doctor will be liable unless shown to have acted in accordance with a reasonable body of medical opinion.
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MARITAL DISSOLUTION - DIVORCE |
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Divorce or dissolution of marriage is the ending of a marriage before the death of either spouse, which can be contrasted with an annulment, which is a declaration that a marriage is void, though the effects of marriage may be recognized in such unions, such as spousal support, child custody and distribution of property.
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MEDICAL INSURANCE |
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Medical Health insurance is a type of insurance whereby the insurer pays the medical costs of the insured if the insured becomes sick due to covered causes, or due to accidents. The insurer may be a private organization or a government agency. Market-based health care systems such as that in the United States rely primarily on private health insurance.
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MEDICO-LEGAL |
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The plaintiff has the burden of proof. Expert witnesses are usually required to testify as to practice standards, while lay witnesses must confine their testimony to facts they perceived with their own senses. To be qualified as an expert, a person must have a sufficient level of education, training, and experience in the relevant field, and it must be shown that their testimony will assist the judge and/or jury in determining a contested issue. The law requires that lay jurors or judges, being untrained in medicine, must accept expert evidence as to whether the provider deviated from the requisite standards but since the plaintiff and the defendant will usually each hire their own experts, there will be conflicting opinions.
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MENTAL RETARDATION |
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Mental retardation (also called mental handicap and, as defined by the UK Mental Health Act 1983, mental impairment and severe mental impairment) is a term for a pattern of persistently slow learning of basic motor and language skills ("milestones") during childhood, and a significantly below-normal global intellectual capacity as an adult. One common criterion for diagnosis of mental retardation is a tested intelligence quotient (IQ) of 70 or below.
People with mental retardation are people who are usually described as having developmental disabilities.
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METEOROLOGY |
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Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting. Meteorological phenomena are observable weather events which illuminate and are explained by the science of meteorology. Those events are bound by the variables that exist in Earth's atmosphere. They are temperature, pressure, water vapor, and the gradients and interactions of each variable, and how they change in time. The majority of Earth's observed weather is located in the troposphere.
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MOTORCYCLE HELMETS |
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A motorcycle helmet is a type of protective headgear used by motorcycle riders. The primary goal of a motorcycle helmet is to protect the rider's head during impact, although many helmets provide additional conveniences, such as face shields, ear protection, intercom etc.
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MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT MVA |
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Motor-vehicle collisions are damaging events involving road traffic, particularly automobiles. They can cause damage to vehicles, people or structures. Motor-vehicle collisions also called traffic collisions, auto accidents, road accidents, car accidents, personal injury collisions, motor vehicle acccidents, and (particularly by American radio traffic reporters) crashes kill an estimated 1.2 million people worldwide each year, and injure about forty times this number.
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ONCOLOGY |
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Oncology - The branch of medicine that deals with cancer and tumors, including study of their development, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
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PARALEGAL |
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A legal assistant or paralegal is a person, qualified by education, training or work experience who is employed or retained by a lawyer, law office, corporation, governmental agency or other entity and who performs specifically delegated substantive legal work for which a lawyer is responsible (ABA House of Delegates,1997).
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PATENTS |
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A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to a person for a fixed period of time in exchange for the regulated, public disclosure of certain details of a device, method, process or composition of matter (substance) (known as an invention) which is new, inventive, and useful or industrially applicable.
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PHARMACEUTICAL LITIGATION |
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Thousands of people die from or are seriously injured by prescription and over-the-counter drugs each year. Patients trust these defective drugs will not harm them because they have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or been prescribed by doctors or pharmacists they know and trust.
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PLAGIARISM |
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Plagiarism is a form of academic dishonesty, specifically the unacknowledged use of another person's idea(s), information, language, or writing. Plagiarism is a serious academic offense. Plagiarism is not necessarily the same as copyright infringement, which occurs when one violates copyright law.
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POLICE PROCEDURE |
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The documented procedures that police departments follow in order to provide consistent support and enforcement of laws in their community. The police procedural is a sub-genre of the mystery story which attempts to accurately depict the activities of a police force as they investigate crimes.
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POLLUTION |
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Pollution is the release of environmental contaminants. Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles are common air pollutants. Sunlight converts nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons to ozone or smog. Water pollutants may consist of a wide range of organic and inorganic chemicals such as heavy metals, petrochemicals, chloroform, and bacteria. Water pollution may also occur in the form of thermal pollution and dissolved oxygen depletion. Soil contamination is an important aspect of environmental pollution; this phenomenon occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground storage tank leakage. Among the most significant soil contaminants are hydrocarbons, heavy metals, MTBE, herbicides, pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbons. The U.S., Russia, China and Japan are the world leaders in air pollution emissions; however, Canada is the number two country on a per capita basis.
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POLYGRAPH |
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A polygraph or "lie detector" is a device which measures and records several physiological variables such as blood pressure, heart rate, respiration and skin conductivity while a series of questions are being asked, in an attempt to detect lies.
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POLYMERS |
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Polymer is a generic term used to describe a very long molecule consisting of structural units and repeating units connected by covalent chemical bonds. The term is derived from the Greek words: polys meaning many, and meros meaning parts [1]. The key feature that distinguishes polymers from other molecules is the repetition of many identical, similar, or complementary molecular subunits in these chains. These subunits, the monomers, are small molecules of low to moderate molecular weight, and are linked to each other during a chemical reaction called polymerization.
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PRIVATE INVESTIGATOR |
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A private investigator, or PI, is a person who undertakes investigations, usually for a private citizen or some other entity not involved with a government or police organization. They often work for attorneys in civil cases or on behalf of a defense attorney.
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PSYCHIATRY |
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Psychiatry is the branch of medicine that studies, diagnoses, and treats mental illness and behavioral disorders. While all physicians will encounter patients with mental illnesses and any of them may treat it, psychiatrists specialize in these areas. They are more extensively trained in the differential diagnosis (the distinguishing of various forms) and treatment of mental illness. Given the advantage of the preliminary medical training as well as further specialist training, psychiatry when practised properly offers a truly holistic approach to patient care. Many other professionals also provide mental health care, such as psychologists, nurse practitioners, counselors, physician assistants, and social workers. In general only doctors, nurse practitioners, or physician assistants may prescribe mental health medication in the United States[1]. In some countries, mental health medication may only be prescribed by medical doctors.
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SEAT BELT / SAFETY BELT |
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A seat belt, sometimes called a safety belt, is a harness designed to hold the occupant of a car or other vehicle in place if a collision occurs. Seat belts are intended to reduce injuries by stopping the wearer from hitting hard interior elements of the vehicle or from being thrown from the vehicle. In cars seat belts also prevent rear-seat passengers from crashing into those in the front seats.
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SURGERY - COLORECTAL |
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Surgical - Gastroenterology is the study of diseases of the intestinal tract. These diseases include conditions that affect the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, small intestine, and colon.
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SURGERY - GENERAL |
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Surgery (from the Greek cheirourgia meaning "hand work") is the medical specialty that treats diseases or injuries by operative manual and instrumental treatment. Surgeons may be physicians, dentists, or veterinarians who specialize in surgery.
A surgery can also refer to the place where surgery is performed, or simply the office of a physician, dentist, or veterinarian.
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SURGERY - ORAL |
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Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is a recognized international training course in specialised Medicine, which requires a minimum length of formation of 5 years for a basic medical training and 4 years for a basic medical and dental training, in the European Union, and one of the 9 dental specialties recognized by the American Dental Association in the U.S.A. .
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SURVEYS / OPINION RESEARCH |
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Statistical surveys are used to collect quantitative information in many fields including political polling and government, health, social science and marketing research. A survey may focus on opinions or factual information depending on its purpose, but all surveys involve administering questions to individuals. When the questions are administered by a researcher, the survey is called a structured interview or a researcher administered survey. When the questions are
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TECHNOLOGY |
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Technology is a word with origins in the Greek "technologia" ("τεχνολογία") "techne", "τέχνη" ("craft") and "logia", "λογία" ("saying")." "Technology" is a broad term dealing with the use and knowledge of humanity's tools and crafts.
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TRADE DRESS |
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Trade dress refers to characteristics of the visual appearance of a product or its packaging (or even the facade of a building such as a restaurant) that may be registered and protected from being used by competitors in the manner of a trademark. These characteristics can include the three-dimensional shape, graphic design, color, or even smell of a product and/or its packaging.
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TRADEMARK |
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A trademark is a distinctive sign of some kind which is used by a business to uniquely identify itself and its products and services to consumers, and to distinguish the business and its products or services from those of other businesses. A trademark is a type of industrial property which is distinct from other forms of intellectual property.
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TRADEMARK INFRINGEMENT |
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Trademark infringement is a violation of the exclusive rights attaching to a registered trademark without the authorisation of the trademark owner or any licensees. Infringement may occur when one party, the infringer, uses a trademark which is identical or confusingly similar to a registered trademark owned by another party, in relation to products or services which are identical or similar to the products or services which the registration covers. An owner of a registered trademark may commence legal proceedings against a party which infringes its registration.
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TRADE SECRETS |
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A trade secret is a formula, practice, process, design, instrument, pattern, or compilation of information used by a business to obtain an advantage over competitors within the same industry or profession. In some jurisdictions, such secrets are referred to as "confidential information", while in others they are a subset or example of confidential information.
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WORKERS COMPENSATION |
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Workers compensation systems (workers comp or compo) provide for financial compensation for work-related injuries of employees, in particular compensation of loss of wages, sometimes also for medical costs. These laws are usually a feature of highly developed industrial societies. Employees compensation laws are often only implemented after long and hard fought struggles by trade unions, particularly in early industrialisation. There are often benefits available to dependents of workers killed on the job as well.
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WRONGFUL DEATH |
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Wrongful death is a claim in common law jurisdictions against a person who can be held liable for a death. The claim is brought in a civil action, usually by close relatives. The claim is the result of statute. Under common law, a dead person cannot bring a suit, and this created a legal hole in which activities that resulted in a persons injury would result in civil sanction but activties that resulted in a persons death would not.
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