AGRICULTURE |
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Agriculture (a term which encompasses farming) is the art, science or practice of producing food, feed, fiber and many other desired goods by the systematic raising of plants and animals. Agri is from Latin ager ("a field"), and culture is from Latin cultura, meaning "cultivation" in the strict sense of tillage of the soil. Thus a literal reading of the English word yields tillage of the soil of a field. In actual usage, Agriculture denotes a broad array of activities essential to food and material production, including all techniques for raising and processing livestock (see Animal husbandry) no less than those essential to crop planting and harvesting.
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ARBORIST / TREE |
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An arborist or tree surgeon is a professional who manages and maintains trees (generally in an urban environment). This can include planting, pruning, structural support, the treatment of disease, insect, or abiotic disorders, lightning protection, and tree removal. It also can include planning, consulting, report writing and even legal testimony. Because trees provide many benefits to the landscape and to people, but they are also very large, heavy, and complex organisms, they require monitoring and care to ensure survival and safety in the human landscape.
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BUILDING INSPECTION |
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Construction and building inspectors examine buildings, highways and streets, sewer and water systems, dams, bridges, and other structures to ensure that their construction, alteration, or repair complies with building codes and ordinances, zoning regulations, and contract specifications. Building codes and standards are the primary means by which building construction is regulated in the United States for the health and safety of the general public. National model building codes are published by the International Code Council (ICC), although many localities have additional ordinances and codes that modify or add to the National model codes. To monitor compliance with regulations, inspectors make an initial inspection during the first phase of construction and follow up with further inspections throughout the construction project. However, no inspection is ever exactly the same. In areas where certain types of severe weather or natural disasterssuch as earthquakes or hurricanesare more common, inspectors monitor compliance with additional safety regulations designed to protect structures and occupants during those events.
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CANCER - GENERAL |
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Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these cells to invade other tissues, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis. This unregulated growth is caused by damage to DNA, resulting in mutations to genes that encode for proteins controlling cell division. Many mutation events may be required to transform a normal cell into a malignant cell. These mutations can be caused by chemicals or physical agents called carcinogens, by close exposure to radioactive materials, or by certain viruses that can insert their DNA into the human genome. Mutations occur spontaneously, or are passed down generations as a result of germ line mutations.
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CANCER - LUNG |
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Lung cancer is a cancer of the lungs characterised by the presence of malignant tumours. Most commonly it is bronchogenic carcinoma (about 90%). Lung cancer is one of the most lethal of cancers worldwide, causing up to 3 million deaths annually. Only one in ten patients diagnosed with this disease will survive the next five years. Although lung cancer was previously an illness that affected predominately men, the lung cancer rate for women has been increasing in the last few decades, which has been attributed to the rising ratio of female to male smokers.
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COASTAL WETLANDS |
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In physical geography, a wetland is an environment "at the interface between truly terrestrial ecosystems...and truly aquatic systems...making them different from each yet highly dependent on both" (Mitsch & Gosselink, 1986). In essence, wetlands are ecotones.
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DREDGING / RECLAMATION |
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Dredging is miscellaneous excavator-type work underwater, usually in shallow sea or fresh water.
A dredge is a device for scraping or sucking the seabed, used for dredging.
A dredger is a ship or boat equipped with a dredge.
American usage sometimes calls the ship or boat a dredge.
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ENGINEERING - CIVIL |
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In modern usage, civil engineering is a broad field of engineering that deals with the planning, construction, and maintenance of fixed structures, or public works, as they are related to earth, water, or civilization and their processes. Most civil engineering today deals with roads, structures, water supply, sewer, flood control and traffic. In essence, civil engineering is a profession which makes the world a more habitable place to live.
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ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH |
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Regulatory compliance, asbestos and lead-based paint assessment, soil/groundwater investigations, wastes classification, contaminant release mechanisms, geology studies, and endangerment assessments
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT |
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Regulatory compliance, asbestos and lead-based paint assessment, soil/groundwater investigations, wastes classification, contaminant release mechanisms, geology studies, and endangerment assessments
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ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE |
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Regulatory compliance, asbestos and lead-based paint assessment, soil/groundwater investigations, wastes classification, contaminant release mechanisms, geology studies, and endangerment assessments
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FARM EQUIPMENT |
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Farm equipment is any kind of machinery used on a farm to help with farming. The best-known example of this kind of equipment is the tractor.
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GEOLOGY |
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Geology (from Greek γη- (ge-, "the earth") and λογος (logos, "word", "reason")) is the science and study of the Earth, its composition, structure, physical properties, history and the processes that shape it. It is one of the Earth sciences. Geologists have helped establish the age of the Earth at about 4.6 billion (4.6x109) years, and have determined that the Earth's lithosphere, which includes the crust, is fragmented into tectonic plates that move over a rheic upper mantle (asthenosphere) via processes that are collectively referred to as plate tectonics. Geologists help locate and manage the earth's natural resources, such as petroleum and coal, as well as metals such as iron, copper, and uranium. Additional economic interests include gemstones and many minerals such as asbestos, perlite, mica, phosphates, zeolites, clay, pumice, quartz, and silica, as well as elements such as sulfur, chlorine, and helium. Experts who analyze slope creep, slides, earthquake damage, fault studies, environmental contamination, and construction claims.
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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING |
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Geotechnical engineering is concerned with the engineering properties of earth materials. Geotechnical engineers investigate the soil and bedrock below a site to confirm their engineering properties as they will relate to the proposed costruction.
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HORSES |
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The horse (Equus caballus or Equus ferus caballus) is a sizeable ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. Horses have long been one of the most economically important domesticated animals, and have played an important role in the transport of people and cargo for thousands of years. Most notably, horses can be ridden by a person perched on a saddle attached to the animal, and are also widely harnessed to pull objects like wheeled vehicles or plows. In some human cultures, horses are also widely used as a source of food. Though isolated domestication may have occurred as early as 4500 BC, clear evidence of widespread use by humans dates to no earlier than 2000 BC, as evidenced by the Sintashta chariot burials, thus firmly establishing the domestication of the horse.
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HYDROLOGY |
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Hydrology (from Greek: Yδρoλoγια, Yδωρ+Λoγos, Hydrologia, the "study of water") is the study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water throughout the Earth, and thus addresses both the hydrologic cycle and water resources. A practitioner of hydrology is a hydrologist, working within the fields of either earth or environmental science, or civil and environmental engineering.
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LAND FILL - WASTE DISPOSAL - GARBAGE DUMP |
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Landfill is a waste disposal site for the deposit of the waste onto or into land (i.e., underground), including: internal waste disposal sites (i.e., landfill where a producer of waste is carrying out its own waste disposal at the place of production), and a permanent site (i.e., more than one year), which is used for temporary storage of waste, but excluding: transfer facilities where waste is unloaded in order to permit its preparation for further transport for recovery, treatment or disposal elsewhere, and storage of waste prior to recovery or treatment for a period less than three years as a general rule or storage of waste prior to disposal for period less than one year.
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LEAD |
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Lead is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Pb (L. plumbum) and atomic number 82. A soft, heavy, toxic and malleable poor metal, lead is bluish white when freshly cut but tarnishes to dull gray when exposed to air. Lead is used in building construction, lead-acid batteries, bullets and shot, and is part of solder, pewter, and fusible alloys. Lead has the highest atomic number of all stable elements. (But see the article on Bismuth, which has a half life so long it can be considered stable.)
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MANGROVE FORESTS |
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Mangrove are woody trees or shrubs that grow in coastal habitats or mangal (Hogarth, 1999), for which the term mangrove swamp also would apply. Mangrove plants are found in depositional coastal environments where fine sediments, often with high organic content collect in areas protected from high energy wave action.
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POLLUTION |
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Pollution is the release of environmental contaminants. Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles are common air pollutants. Sunlight converts nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons to ozone or smog. Water pollutants may consist of a wide range of organic and inorganic chemicals such as heavy metals, petrochemicals, chloroform, and bacteria. Water pollution may also occur in the form of thermal pollution and dissolved oxygen depletion. Soil contamination is an important aspect of environmental pollution; this phenomenon occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground storage tank leakage. Among the most significant soil contaminants are hydrocarbons, heavy metals, MTBE, herbicides, pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbons. The U.S., Russia, China and Japan are the world leaders in air pollution emissions; however, Canada is the number two country on a per capita basis.
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ROOFING |
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Roofs may be pitched (sloped) or low sloped in form. Low sloped roofs are commonly found on industrial/commercial type structures. Pitched roofs are the primary design found on residential homes. The most common type of low sloped roof for industrial/commercial structures are the conventional built-up-roof (BUR), modified bitumen, or single plies (EPDM, PVC, TPO). Metal standing seam roofs are becoming increasingly common on low sloped roof assemblies.
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SOIL REMEDIATION |
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Find SOIL REMEDIATION experts and consultants for SOIL REMEDIATION litigation support.
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UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK |
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An Underground Storage Tank (UST) is a tank and any underground piping connected to the tank that has at least ten percent of its combined volume underground. UST's used to store petroleum are regulated in the United States to a release, which could create groundwater and soil contamination. When fissures or holes occur in the underground tank, is is then called a Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST)
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VIBRATIONS - STRUCTURAL |
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Find VIBRATIONS - STRUCTURAL experts and consultants for VIBRATIONS - STRUCTURAL litigation support.
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WEATHER |
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Weather is an all-encompassing term used to describe all of the many and varied phenomena that can occur in the atmosphere of a planet. The term is normally taken to mean the activity of these phenomena over short periods of time, usually no more than a few days in length. Average atmospheric conditions over significantly longer periods are known as climate. Usage of the two terms often overlaps and the concepts are obviously very closely related.
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